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§¶§à§ä§à:Sigmund/Unsplash

§±§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§à§ä§í ¡ª §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ú§ß§Ü§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Ú

§³§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§à§ä§Ñ ¡ª §ï§ä§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ò§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§Ý§å§ç§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§å§ä§í§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ô §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ, §Ú, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §ï§ä§à §à§ã§à§Ò§í§Û §Ó§Ú§Õ §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§à§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§à §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ò§Ñ§â§î§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §Ú §Ú§ß§Ü§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Ú, §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §à§ä §ä§Ö§ç, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ë§Ú §Ô§Ý§å§ç§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§á§í§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §á§à §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ, §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§à§ä§Ñ §ß§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú/§Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §Ö§Ö §ß§Ö§å§é§Ö§ä§å §Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö, §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ§ç §Ú, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§Þ.

§±§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ú§Õ§í-§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §Ü §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§Þ §Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã§à §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§à§ä§à§Û §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à.

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§¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ , §á§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§å§ð 27 §Ú§ð§ß§ñ §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§à§ä§í. 27 §Ú§ð§ß§ñ 1880 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §Ú §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ §·§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß §¬§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§â, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §à§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ô§Ý§å§ç§à§ä§í §Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ò§à§â§è§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó.

§£ 1949 §Ô§à§Õ§å §·§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß §¬§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§â (§ã§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ) §á§à§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ã §Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§à§Þ §Ó §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §¯§Ñ §æ§à§ä§à §°§°§¯: §·§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß §¬§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§â §Ú §Ö§Ö §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§î-§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü §±§à§Ý§Ý§Ú §´§à§Þ§á§ã§à§ß.

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§¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó-§å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó 2008 §Ô§à§Õ§å. §³ 10 §á§à 12 §Ú§ð§ß§ñ 2025 §Ó §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ö §á§â§à§ê§Ý§Ñ 18-§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §á§à §ä§Ö§Þ§Ö: ?§±§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Û §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§ê§Ö§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö §Ó §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ§ç §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ?. §¯§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §ä§â§Ö§ç §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ý§í§ç §ã§ä§à§Ý§à§Ó §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Ü§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §ã §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú.

 

A woman using sign language

§³ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §³§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §°§°§¯ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §å§é§Ö§ä §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö, §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§ß§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ú §ß§Ö§Ö, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ú §Ú§ç §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ú§ç §è§Ö§ß§ñ§ä, §Ñ §Ú§ç §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §å§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä, §Ú §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§í §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú.

 

illustration of people with clock, calendar, to-do list and decorations

§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Õ§ß§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Û §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§à§Ý§Ú §Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Õ§ß§Ö§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ß§à §°§°§¯ §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§ë§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §ä§Ö§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§ç. §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §à §Õ§ß§ñ§ç §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î.